Andrew Goodwin's Theory

In Andrew Goodwin's theory he is explaining the structure of a music video. Goodwin believes pp videos approach narrative from a different angle to novels and films. Goodwin feels the reasons for the narrative for the different narrative structures are because:

1. Pop videos are built around songs- and often songs do not pose traditional narrative structures (normality- problem- resolution), perhaps this is partly because all songs do not necessarily include a story in the lyrics that require a the video to have a structure similar to the of a novel or film. For instance songs that belong to a genre like Hip Hop, may not have a clear meaning, thus the video won't have a traditional narrative structure. 
2.  The pop video uses the singer both as a narrator and as a character. This would then mean a pop video would not really follow a traditional narrative structure, because the singer plays all the parts, there is no third person structure.
3. The singer often looks directly at the camera- this is an extension of (music-hall) performance and trying to involve the viewer at home with the performance. 

Goodwin continues, Pop videos rely on repetition. Often the video repeats images in the way the song repeats choruses or lines. Also it has become the norm for pop videos to have this structure so it has become what we, the viewer would expect when watching a pop video. Also because the song would be used a lot in the media (T.v., Radio advertising films) the song would become very familiar through repetition.

Goodwin concludes, "it can be said that there are three types of relations between songs and videos: Illustration, amplification and disjuncture."

1. Illustration: This is where the video tells the story of the lyric. Dance is often used to express the feelings/moods in the song.
2. Amplification: Occurs when the video introduce new meanings that do not contradict with the lyric but add layers of meanings.
3. Disjuncture: This is where there is little connection between the lyric and video or where the video contradicts the lyric. Micheal Jackson's Man In The Mirror. The song is about self- relisation but the video is about radical world events.